What do systematic reviews say?

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether PEEP changes postoperative mortality compared with zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation (very low certainty).

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97
  6 studies · 268 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether PEEP changes pneumonia compared with zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation (very low certainty).

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4
  3 studies · 120 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 88 participants
  Very low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

High levels of PEEP showed no clear difference in mortality before hospital discharge compared with low levels of PEEP (moderate certainty).

• High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.04]
  7 studies · 3640 participants
  Moderate

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

• High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 2594 participants
  Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

• High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 2309 participants
  Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

• High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1611 participants
  Moderate

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

High levels of PEEP showed no clear difference in barotrauma compared with low levels of PEEP (low certainty).

• High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.64, 1.57]
  9 studies · 3791 participants
  Low

High levels of PEEP vs low levels of PEEP

• High versus low positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels for mechanically ventilated adult patients with acute… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1654 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) versus nothing: risk of AMS (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non‐pharmacological interventions 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.67 [1.38, 9.76]
  1 study · 8 participants
  Low