Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

258 questions · 305 findings · 33 reviews

No studies found 66 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 45 · 14.8%Very low 85 · 27.9%Low 58 · 19%Moderate 37 · 12.1%High 14 · 4.6%

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's observation) ‐ oestrogen + other treatments versus placebo · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen + other treatments probably leads to higher incontinence not improved (generic inverse variance) (women's… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypnotherapy vs behavioural treatments or no treatment

Smoking cessation · people who smoke

Hypnotherapy showed no clear difference in hypnotherapy versus attention‐matched behavioural treatments Smoking… compared with behavioural treatments or no treatment (low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

Number with incontinence not improved (women's observations) ‐ oestrogen + progesterone vs placebo (Copy) · patients with urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women

Oestrogen + other treatments leads to higher number with incontinence not improved (women's observations) ‐… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review