It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants cured.… compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants with P… compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes treatment response: relapse (day 42). Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes microbiological response: eradicated. Outcome assessed on day 21 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids… compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).
Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower moderate exacerbations (course of antibiotics or oral steroids) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).