Extraoral masticatory muscle tenderness (number of tender sites), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in extraoral masticatory muscle tenderness (number of tender sites),… compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Daytime symptom: oral breathing (questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: oral breathing (questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in maximum voluntary jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Reported pain (mm on VAS), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in reported pain (mm on VAS), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - pain intensity, change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in pain-free maximum jaw opening (mm), change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - pain interference, change from baseline · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) showed no clear difference in brief Pain Inventory (BPI) - pain interference, change from baseline compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain during function (proportion without significant improvement) · Adults (>18 years) with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) diagnosed by RDC/TMD or compatible criteria
Glucosamine sulfate (oral) led to lower pain during function (proportion without significant improvement) compared with ibuprofen (oral); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Six participants in the glucosamine group did not experience significant improvement in TMJ pain compared with seven in the ibuprofen group (Analysis 3.1); Fisher's exact test P = 0.73 (not significant, per the authors).
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported
Reduction of apnoea to less than one episode per hour (polysomnography) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
1 finding from 1 review
Daytime symptom: thirstiness in the morning (questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
Oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance showed no clear difference in daytime symptom: thirstiness in the morning (questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Signs and symptoms of atypical swallowing and speech production disturbances · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction of apnoea episodes (apnoea-hypopnoea index) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes reduction of apnoea episodes (apnoea-hypopnoea index) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nocturnal symptom: nightmares (questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
Oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance showed no clear difference in nocturnal symptom: nightmares (questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Alteration of growth pattern (cephalometric data or facial analysis) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Tiredness · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: tiredness (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nocturnal symptom: habitual snoring (questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes nocturnal symptom: habitual snoring (questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects / tolerability · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
1 finding from 1 review
Tolerability: 73.7% fitted with oral appliance (14/19 children) tolerated the treatment well and 26.3% (five children) discontinued therapy. Side effects: the included study did not assess this outcome.
1 study · 19 participants
GRADE not reported
Daytime symptom: sleepiness (Brouillette questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: sleepiness (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change of the arch perimeter (plaster models) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Irritability · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: irritability (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review