What do systematic reviews say?

Oestrogen vs other treatments

Oestrogen showed no clear difference in number with incontinence not improved (women's observations) ‐… compared with other treatments (moderate certainty).

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.63, 1.09]
  2 studies · 57 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen vs other treatments

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Low

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.33 [0.8, 2.19]
  2 studies · 341 participants
  Low

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.78 [0.53, 1.15]
  3 studies · 567 participants
  Low

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Oestrogen ring may leads to lower endometrial thickness (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen cream) compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.36 [0.14, 0.94]
  2 studies · 273 participants
  Low

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.04 [0.7, 1.53]
  3 studies · 533 participants
  Low

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen ring vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.45 [0.9, 2.32]
  2 studies · 397 participants
  Low

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs oestrogen… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.47, 1.63]
  1 study · 192 participants
  Low

Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs placebo) compared with other regimens (moderate certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.45 [0.11, 1.78]
  1 study · 37 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen cream vs other regimens

Oestrogen cream showed no clear difference in improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen cream vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.08 [0.08, 53.76]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Oestrogen cream vs other regimens

Oestrogen cream may leads to higher improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) oestrogen cream vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.1 [1.88, 8.93]
  2 studies · 198 participants
  Low

Oestrogen cream vs other regimens

Oestrogen cream may leads to higher improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen cream vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.29 [1.47, 7.36]
  1 study · 153 participants
  Low

Oestrogen cream vs other regimens

Oestrogen cream showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen cream vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 10.67 [0.54, 209.64]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens

Oestrogen tablets showed no clear difference in endometrial thickness (oestrogen tablets vs oestrogen cream) compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.31 [0.06, 1.6]
  2 studies · 151 participants
  Low

Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens

Oestrogen tablets showed no clear difference in improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.03 [0.7, 1.52]
  3 studies · 528 participants
  Low

Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens

Oestrogen tablets may leads to higher improvement in symptoms (clinician‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 12.85 [10.39, 15.89]
  4 studies · 2078 participants
  Low

Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens

Oestrogen tablets showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen tablets vs placebo) compared with other regimens (moderate certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.27 [0.24, 6.69]
  1 study · 309 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens

Oestrogen tablets showed no clear difference in improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.55, 2.01]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Oestrogen tablets vs other regimens

Oestrogen tablets may leads to higher improvement in symptoms (participant‐assessed) (oestrogen tablets vs… compared with other regimens (low certainty).

• Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 12.47 [9.81, 15.84]
  2 studies · 1638 participants
  Low

Oestrogen + other treatments vs placebo

• Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post‐menopausal women 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 83 participants
  Moderate