Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

36 questions · 36 findings · 4 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 10 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 2.8%Low 7 · 19.4%Moderate 3 · 8.3%High 15 · 41.7%

Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention

Patient outcomes (continuous) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 946 participants
Moderate

Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention

Resource use · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2570 participants
Low

Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention

Adverse effects · Healthcare professionals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention

Changes in professional practice (measured as dichotomous process adherence outcomes) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 25359 participants
Low

Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention

Changes in professional practice (continuous) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 12372 participants
Moderate

Manual paper reminders added to another QI intervention vs the same QI intervention

Patient outcomes (dichotomous) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1883 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Yearly number of Philippine nurses migrating to the USA · Nurses in The Philippines

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce emigration of health care professionals from low‐ and middle‐income countries 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Changes in professional practice (measured as dichotomous process adherence outcomes) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 21274 participants
Low

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Changes in professional practice (continuous) · Healthcare professionals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Patient outcomes (dichotomous) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 2305 participants
Very low

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Patient outcomes (continuous) · Healthcare professionals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Resource use · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 4235 participants
Low

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Adverse effects · Healthcare professionals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Primary outcome measure · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – all · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – all (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – elective · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – elective (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – intrapartum · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – intrapartum (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Spontaneous vaginal birth · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Instrumental vaginal birth · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal mortality · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in maternal mortality (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High