Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

30 questions · 30 findings · 6 reviews

No studies found 3 · 10%GRADE not reported 5 · 16.7%Very low 12 · 40%Low 4 · 13.3%Moderate 4 · 13.3%High 2 · 6.7%

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Cardiopulmonary complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes cardiopulmonary complications compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Procedure‐related general complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes pain scores (first postoperative day) VAS, lower score indicates… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) vs propofol + N2O

Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · paediatric

Induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) may leads to higher postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with propofol + N2O (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) vs propofol + N2O

Postoperative behavioural disturbances Different scales · paediatric

It is very uncertain whether induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) changes postoperative behavioural disturbances Different scales compared with propofol + N2O (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) vs propofol + N2O

Intraoperative and postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications · paediatric

It is very uncertain whether induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) changes intraoperative and postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular… compared with propofol + N2O (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypnosis vs Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen

Completion of treatment · Children aged 10 to 16 years undergoing orthodontic extractions (Braithwaite 2005)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Completion of treatment (yes/no) was a protocol-planned primary outcome but was not reported by the included study for this comparison (Braithwaite 2005); one participant in the sedation arm was withdrawn during…
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Hypnosis vs Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen

Anxiety control and overall response to treatment during tooth extraction · Children aged 10 to 16 years undergoing orthodontic extractions (Braithwaite 2005)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Hypnosis did not provide sufficient anxiety control during tooth extraction, and overall response to treatment remained statistically lower than response to inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen (i.e. the…
    1 study · 10 participants
    GRADE not reported