Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

49 questions · 49 findings · 3 reviews · Public Health · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 13 · 26.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 12.2%Low 7 · 14.3%Moderate 23 · 46.9%High 0 · 0%

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

All‐cause mortality · general population

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

Cardiovascular mortality · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

Mortality (respiratory events) ‐ not reported · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

Particulate matter (PM10) · general population

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

Coarse particulate matter · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions targeting multiple sources vs practice

Combustion‐related particulate matter · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Anaemia Defined as haemoglobin (Hb) concentration < 11 g/dL Measured at after 6 months and 6 ‐ 12 months of intervention · General population

The intervention may leads to lower anaemia Defined as haemoglobin (Hb) concentration < 11 g/dL Measured… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.56, 0.84]
11 studies · 3746 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Micronutrient deficiencies · General population

The intervention may leads to lower micronutrient deficiencies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.6]
11 studies · 3289 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Anthropometric · General population

1 finding from 1 review

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 2889 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Anaemia Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) concentration < 13 g/dL for boys and < 12 g/dL for girls Measured after 9 months of intervention · General population

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes anaemia Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin (Hb) concentration < 13… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.37, 2.01]
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Micronutrient deficiencies · General population

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes micronutrient deficiencies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.17]
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Anthropometric outcomes · General population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Food fortification with multiple micronutrients: impact on health outcomes in general population 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Tobacco use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in tobacco use (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.28 [0.75, 2.19]
2 studies · 521 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Alcohol use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in alcohol use (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.58, 1.11]
4 studies · 1911 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Cannabis use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in cannabis use (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.69 [0.46, 1.04]
2 studies · 362 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Illicit drug use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Antisocial behaviour · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in antisocial behaviour (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.02 [0.62, 1.69]
1 study · 200 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Sexual risk behaviour · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in sexual risk behaviour (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.42 [0.14, 1.25]
1 study · 162 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Physical activity · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years

The intervention showed no clear difference in physical activity (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual‐, family‐, and school‐level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.11 [0.74, 1.67]
2 studies · 1530 participants
Moderate