Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

23 questions · 25 findings · 3 reviews · Airways

No studies found 5 · 20%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 12 · 48%Low 7 · 28%Moderate 1 · 4%High 0 · 0%

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Number experiencing adverse effects · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing an AE compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing a serious adverse event compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing at least one exacerbation compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence to medication · COPD

Multi‐component intervention may leads to higher adherence to pharmacotherapy: number of people achieving adherence… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe exacerbations · COPD

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing moderate or severe… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Number of people experiencing at least 1 exacerbation/moderate to severe exacerbation · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes number of people experiencing at least 1 exacerbation/moderate to… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Time to first exacerbation · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes time to first exacerbation compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

QoL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3 findings from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Transmission‐related outcomes: hospitalization ‐ Number or proportion of hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) showed no clear difference in number of people who had at least 1 hospital admission compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Number of people re‐admitted (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) probably leads to lower number of people re‐admitted (all‐cause) compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review