Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

476 questions · 488 findings · 43 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 134 · 27.5%GRADE not reported 21 · 4.3%Very low 91 · 18.6%Low 135 · 27.7%Moderate 78 · 16%High 29 · 5.9%

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

Clinical failure—same beta lactam Antibiotic modifications · patients with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical failure—same beta lactam Antibiotic modifications compared with combination therapy compared (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

Clinical failure—different beta lactam Antibiotic modifications · patients with sepsis

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical failure—different beta lactam Antibiotic modifications compared with combination therapy compared (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monotherapy vs combination therapy

Clinical cure · Ventilator‐associated pneumonia

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical cure (ITT) compared with combination therapy (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Overall survival · men with advanced prostate cancer

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher overall survival compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Clinical progression · men with advanced prostate cancer

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher clinical progression compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Treatment failure · men with advanced prostate cancer

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher treatment failure compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Breast pain · men with advanced prostate cancer

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher breast pain compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Gynaecomastia · men with advanced prostate cancer

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher gynaecomastia compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Hot flashes · men with advanced prostate cancer

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to lower hot flashes compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

Metformin · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

Acarbose · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

Repaglinide · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
2 findings from 1 review