What do systematic reviews say?

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

Monotherapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality—same beta lactam Survival compared with combination therapy compared (low certainty).

• Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.73, 1.3]
  13 studies · 1431 participants
  Low

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

Monotherapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality—different beta lactam compared with combination therapy compared (low certainty).

• Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.01]
  31 studies · 4146 participants
  Low

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical failure—same beta lactam Antibiotic modifications compared with combination therapy compared (very low certainty).

• Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.11 [0.95, 1.29]
  20 studies · 1870 participants
  Very low

Monotherapy vs combination therapy compared

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical failure—different beta lactam Antibiotic modifications compared with combination therapy compared (very low certainty).

• Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam‐aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.67, 0.84]
  46 studies · 4933 participants
  Very low

Monotherapy vs combination therapy

Monotherapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality; compared with combination therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.73, 1.3]
  4 studies · 1163 participants
  Moderate

Monotherapy vs combination therapy

It is very uncertain whether monotherapy changes clinical cure (ITT) compared with combination therapy (very low certainty).

• Antibiotics for ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.56, 1.36]
  2 studies · 350 participants
  Very low
• Antibiotics for ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.56, 1.68]
  2 studies · 228 participants
  Very low

Monotherapy vs combination therapy

Monotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with combination therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.93 [0.68, 1.26]
  2 studies · 921 participants
  Moderate

Monotherapy vs combination therapy

• Antibiotics for ventilator‐associated pneumonia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 813 participants
  Moderate

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher overall survival compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or surgical… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.24 [1.05, 1.48]
  6 studies · 2712 participants
  Moderate

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher clinical progression compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or surgical… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.26 [1.08, 1.45]
  6 studies · 2373 participants
  Moderate

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher treatment failure compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or surgical… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [1.05, 1.52]
  5 studies · 1845 participants
  Moderate

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher breast pain compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or surgical… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 22.97 [14.79, 35.67]
  8 studies · 2670 participants
  Moderate

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to higher gynaecomastia compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or surgical… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.43 [3.19, 22.28]
  9 studies · 2774 participants
  Moderate

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy vs LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy

Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy probably leads to lower hot flashes compared with LHRH agonists or surgical castration monotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Non‐steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone–releasing hormone agonists or surgical… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.23 [0.19, 0.27]
  9 studies · 2774 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 201 participants
  Low
• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 96 participants
  Very low
• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 103 participants
  Low
• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found