Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

43 questions · 43 findings · 5 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 10 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 4 · 9.3%Very low 6 · 14%Low 19 · 44.2%Moderate 4 · 9.3%High 0 · 0%

Medical treatment vs placebo

Maternal opinion of treatment · women with breast engorgement

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Medical treatment vs placebo

Breast pain · women with breast engorgement

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 70 participants
Low

Medical treatment vs placebo

Breast induration/hardness · women with breast engorgement

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Medical treatment vs placebo

Breast swelling · women with breast engorgement

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 129 participants
Low

Medical treatment vs placebo

Breast engorgement · women with breast engorgement

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 115 participants
Low

Medical treatment vs placebo

Cessation of breastfeeding, · women with breast engorgement

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Medical treatment vs placebo

Number of women with adverse events, · women with breast engorgement

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 129 participants
Low

Vaginal misoprostol vs surgical evacuation of uterus

Blood loss: post‐treatment haematocrit (%) · early fetal death (less than 24 weeks)

1 finding from 1 review

Medical treatment for early fetal death (less than 24 weeks) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Tranexamic acid vs placebo/no treatment

Use of additional medical interventions to control PPH · pregnant women undergoing vaginal or caesarean birth who received TA for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage

Tranexamic acid probably leads to lower use of additional medical interventions to control PPH compared with placebo/no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tranexamic acid for preventing postpartum haemorrhage 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.34, 0.68]
5 studies · 2049 participants
Moderate

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) vs uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another intrauterine tamponade method)

Mortality due to bleeding · Women (aged between 20 and 40) diagnosed with primary PPH following 'normal' vaginal birth and unresponsive to medical treatment (Ashraf…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) vs uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another intrauterine tamponade method)

Hysterectomy to control bleeding · Women (aged between 20 and 40) diagnosed with primary PPH following 'normal' vaginal birth and unresponsive to medical treatment (Ashraf…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) vs uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another intrauterine tamponade method)

Serious maternal morbidity (renal or respiratory failure, cardiac arrest or multiple organ failure) · Women (aged between 20 and 40) diagnosed with primary PPH following 'normal' vaginal birth and unresponsive to medical treatment (Ashraf…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) vs uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another intrauterine tamponade method)

Number of women with total blood loss 1000 mL or more after randomisation · Women (aged between 20 and 40) diagnosed with primary PPH following 'normal' vaginal birth and unresponsive to medical treatment (Ashraf…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) vs uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another intrauterine tamponade method)

Mean blood loss (mL) (trialist defined) · Women (aged between 20 and 40) diagnosed with primary PPH following 'normal' vaginal birth and unresponsive to medical treatment (Ashraf…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) vs uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another intrauterine tamponade method)

Blood transfusion (red cell or whole blood) · Women (aged between 20 and 40) diagnosed with primary PPH following 'normal' vaginal birth and unresponsive to medical treatment (Ashraf…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) vs uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another intrauterine tamponade method)

Side effects of the intervention (e.g. trauma, necrosis) ‐ fever · Women (aged between 20 and 40) diagnosed with primary PPH following 'normal' vaginal birth and unresponsive to medical treatment (Ashraf…

It is very uncertain whether intrauterine balloon tamponade (condom‐loaded catheter) changes side effects of the intervention (e.g. trauma, necrosis) ‐ fever compared with uterovaginal packing (intrauterine tamponade versus another… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical and surgical interventions for treating primary postpartum haemorrhage 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.38, 0.59]
1 study · 212 participants
Very low

Vaginal misoprostol vs placebo

Complete miscarriage · early fetal death (less than 24 weeks)

Vaginal misoprostol may leads to higher complete miscarriage compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical treatment for early fetal death (less than 24 weeks) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.23 [3.01, 5.94]
5 studies · 305 participants
Low

Vaginal misoprostol vs surgical evacuation of uterus

Nausea · early fetal death (less than 24 weeks)

Vaginal misoprostol may leads to higher nausea compared with surgical evacuation of uterus (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical treatment for early fetal death (less than 24 weeks) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 21.85 [1.31, 364.37]
1 study · 154 participants
Low

Vaginal misoprostol vs surgical evacuation of uterus

Diarrhoea · early fetal death (less than 24 weeks)

Vaginal misoprostol may leads to higher diarrhoea compared with surgical evacuation of uterus (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical treatment for early fetal death (less than 24 weeks) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 40.85 [2.52, 662.57]
1 study · 154 participants
Low

Vaginal misoprostol vs surgical evacuation of uterus

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · early fetal death (less than 24 weeks)

Vaginal misoprostol may leads to higher pain relief compared with surgical evacuation of uterus (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Medical treatment for early fetal death (less than 24 weeks) 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42
1 study · 154 participants
Low