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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

60 questions · 62 findings · 5 reviews · Pain control and patient management

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No studies found 33 · 53.2%GRADE not reported 13 · 21%Very low 9 · 14.5%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 3 · 4.8%High 4 · 6.5%

Laser (low-level laser) at P6 point vs sham control

Reduction in gagging (assessor-reported) · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled children

It is very uncertain whether laser (low-level laser) at P6 point changes reduction in gagging (assessor-reported) compared with control (sham/dummy laser) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser (low-level laser) at P6 point vs sham control

Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled children

It is very uncertain whether laser (low-level laser) at P6 point changes presence or absence of gagging compared with control (sham/dummy laser) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
    SoF: See comment; 0 participants (0 studies); 1 case of prolonged anaesthesia recorded; no clinical studies met the outcome definition (unable to confirm whether prolonged anaesthesia = paraesthesia).
    0 studies
    No studies found

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects: pain following injection, Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…
1 finding from 1 review