Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

159 questions · 169 findings · 22 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 10 · 5.9%GRADE not reported 44 · 26%Very low 25 · 14.8%Low 25 · 14.8%Moderate 60 · 35.5%High 5 · 3%

Atypical (standard‐dose) vs atypical (low‐dose) antipsychotics (only short term)

Weight gain · people with psychosis

1 finding from 1 review

Atypical antipsychotics for psychosis in adolescents 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 257 participants
High

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Any reason ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.93, 1.83]
2 studies · 461 participants
Moderate
Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.76, 1.43]
1 study · 459 participants
Moderate

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Mental state: No clinically important improvement · patients with schizophrenia

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) showed no clear difference in mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.29, 2.54]
1 study · 67 participants
Moderate
Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [1.05, 1.66]
1 study · 459 participants
Moderate
Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.94, 1.35]
1 study · 679 participants
Moderate

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured by PANSS ‐ when compared with standard‐low dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) showed no clear difference in mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.99, 1.55]
1 study · 456 participants
Moderate

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.6]
1 study · 124 participants
Moderate

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

LOW DOSE (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.15, 3.72]
1 study · 5 participants
Moderate
Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.11 [1.41, 6.84]
2 studies · 70 participants
Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: Any reasons ‐ when compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Any reasons ‐ when compared with ultra low… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.55, 1.08]
2 studies · 461 participants
Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Mental state: No clinically important improvement · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) showed no clear difference in mental state: No clinically important improvement ‐ PANSS ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

4 findings from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.64, 1.01]
1 study · 456 participants
Moderate
Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.44, 2.03]
2 studies · 206 participants
Moderate
Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.83, 1.36]
1 study · 457 participants
Moderate

Show 1 more finding

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.11]
1 study · 677 participants
Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ dystonia ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.43 [1.07, 51.54]
1 study · 27 participants
Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS:… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.28 [1.67, 3.11]
1 study · 124 participants
Moderate

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Tremor · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐LOWER DOSE (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) probably leads to higher adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ tremor… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risperidone dose for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.18 [1.1, 15.85]
1 study · 27 participants
Moderate

Clozapine: very low dose (up to 149 mg/day) vs low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day)

Global state: clinically important change in global state · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Clozapine: very low dose (up to 149 mg/day) vs low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day)

Mental state: clinically important response, as defined by individual studies * · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Clozapine: very low dose (up to 149 mg/day) vs low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day)

Functioning: clinically important change in general functioning, as defined by individual studies · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Clozapine: very low dose (up to 149 mg/day) vs low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day)

Adverse effect: clinically important adverse effect (weight ‐ BMI) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Low

Clozapine: very low dose (up to 149 mg/day) vs low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day)

Service utilisation outcomes: hospital admission or days in hospital · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Clozapine: very low dose (up to 149 mg/day) vs low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day)

Service use: time to hospitalisation · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Clozapine: very low dose (up to 149 mg/day) vs low dose (150 mg/day to 300 mg/day)

Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Clozapine dose for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE VERY LOW (˜6 mg/IM) DOSE vs FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE LOW DOSE (˜9 mg/IM)

Clinical response: mental state ‐ relapse ‐ medium term Relapse rate · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE VERY LOW (˜6 mg/IM) DOSE showed no clear difference in clinical response: mental state ‐ relapse ‐ medium term Relapse rate compared with FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE LOW DOSE (˜9 mg/IM) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Flupenthixol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.1, 1.15]
1 study · 59 participants
Low

FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE VERY LOW (˜6 mg/IM) DOSE vs FLUPENTHIXOL DECANOATE LOW DOSE (˜9 mg/IM)

Mental state · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Flupenthixol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found