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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

32 questions · 39 findings · 10 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 17 · 43.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 5.1%Low 6 · 15.4%Moderate 5 · 12.8%High 9 · 23.1%

Intervention not reported

Long‐term adverse effects or toxicity · people with rheumatoid arthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs no exercise

Adherence · rheumatoid arthritis of the hand

Exercise showed no clear difference in participant adherence ‐ long term (12 months and beyond) compared with no exercise (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs no exercise

Hand function ‐ long term (12 months and beyond) Overall hand function subscale of the Michigan Hand Questionnaire, 0 to 100 (higher scores mean better hand function) · rheumatoid arthritis of the hand
1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs no exercise

Pain ‐ long term (12 months and beyond) Pain subscale of Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (0 to 100 points, higher score means more pain) · rheumatoid arthritis of the hand
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Long term adverse effects or toxicity from observational studies

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin vs placebo

Pain on a 0 to 100 scale ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin vs placebo

WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d · patients with osteoarthritis

Chondroitin leads to higher WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) ‐ Long‐term… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin vs placebo

Radiographic Outcome: Reduction in Minimum Joint Space Width (JSW) in mm ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d Scale: millimeters (smaller decrease in reduction in minimum joint space width is better) · patients with osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo or control

WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) ‐ Long‐term studies (≥ 6 months)—dose ≥ 800 mg/d · patients with osteoarthritis

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine leads to higher WOMAC MCII Pain subscale (reduction in knee pain by 20%) Long‐term… compared with placebo/control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID

Adverse events Pain persisting longer than 2 hours after treatment (during the 3‐week treatment period) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID may leads to higher adverse events Pain persisting longer than 2 hours after treatment… compared with oral NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Posterior cruciate ligament retention vs sacrifice (using the same arthroplasty design)

Re‐operation rate (not involving implant change, short and long term) · Patients receiving total knee arthroplasty with or without resection of the posterior cruciate ligament for the treatment of osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Posterior cruciate ligament retention vs posterior stabilised sacrifice

Re‐operation rate (not involving implant change, short and long term) · Patients receiving total knee arthroplasty with or without posterior stabilised design for the treatment of osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Posterior cruciate ligament retention vs sacrifice (all types of arthroplasty designs)

Re‐operation rate (not involving implant change, short and long term) · Patients receiving total knee arthroplasty with or without posterior stabilised design for the treatment of osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pain‐ long term VAS. Scale from: 0 to 10. ( · patients with lateral elbow pain
1 finding from 1 review