Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

35 questions · 47 findings · 2 reviews

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No studies found 4 · 8.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 18 · 38.3%Low 23 · 48.9%Moderate 2 · 4.3%High 0 · 0%

Immunomodulatory interventions vs placebo

Seizure freedom · people with focal epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Immunomodulatory interventions vs placebo

50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · people with focal epilepsy

Immunomodulatory interventions probably leads to higher 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ‐ ITT analysis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.3
3 studies · 172 participants
Moderate

Immunomodulatory interventions vs placebo

Adverse events of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs · people with focal epilepsy

Immunomodulatory interventions may leads to higher adverse events of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Immunomodulatory interventions vs placebo

Treatment withdrawal · people with focal epilepsy

Immunomodulatory interventions may leads to higher treatment withdrawal compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04
3 studies · 172 participants
Low

Immunomodulatory interventions vs placebo

Allergic reaction · people with focal epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Immunomodulatory interventions vs placebo

Cognitive effects · people with focal epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Immunomodulatory interventions vs placebo

Quality of life · people with focal epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Immunomodulatory interventions for focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1885) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 3776 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(407) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 234 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1512) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1012 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1012 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(3774) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 4088 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 4118 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(3044) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 3207 participants
Moderate
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 3207 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1935) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1294 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1294 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(543) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 404 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 404 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(4360) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 2278 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 2278 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1941) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1334 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1334 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(295) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1153 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1153 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(354) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 243 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2834) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2109 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(0) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 253 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1774 participants
Low