Cochrane · systematic review · CD012186
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis
Tramacere, I, Virgili, G, Perduca, V, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023 · Cochrane Library
Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the CNSAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
40
current version
GRADE rated
40
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 18 · 45%Low 21 · 52.5%Moderate 1 · 2.5%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies compared to placebo for adults with multiple sclerosis
Population: adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: serious adverse events (SAEs), mostly at 1 or 2 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
(1885) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 3776 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2834) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 2109 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(621) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1336 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(4984) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 4688 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(889) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1421 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(0) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1774 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(939) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 2674 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2384) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 3692 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2134) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1309 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(407) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 234 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(1512) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1012 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(3774) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 4088 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(3044) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 3207 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(1935) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1294 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(543) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 404 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(4360) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2278 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(1941) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1334 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(295) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1153 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(354) Summary of findings 1. Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 243 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies compared to placebo for adults with multiple sclerosis
Population: adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to adverse effects, mostly at 1 or 2 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
(0) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 253 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2134) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1309 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(889) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1421 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2578) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1948 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(3044) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 3207 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(60) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(4360) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2278 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(295) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1153 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2169) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 4007 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(543) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 404 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(1941) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1334 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(1935) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1294 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(5032) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 4752 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(3774) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 4118 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(1003) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 533 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(242) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 182 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2693) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 3886 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(621) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1336 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(2601) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 3615 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(1512) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1012 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
(513) Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 369 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |