Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 3 reviews · Dental caries

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 2 · 66.7%Very low 1 · 33.3%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Salivary immunoglobulin A and pH · children aged 6 to 12 years

No meta-analysis was conducted; postbiotic toothpaste was reported to increase salivary immunoglobulin A and pH versus fluoride toothpaste.

1 finding from 1 review

Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. 2025 All outcomes
4 weeks · clinical setting
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported

Salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

Evidence on salivary IgA in CLWH on versus off ART was divergent and inconclusive (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Oral Health among Children Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2022 All outcomes
Hospitals and AIDS outpatient centres in India, Brazil, and several Asian countries
Two studies gave divergent results: Subramaniam (2015) reported higher SIgA in children on ART for more than 3 years than pre-ART (8.6 (SD 2.9) vs 6.2 (SD 1.7) mg/dL; p < 0.001), whereas Pomarico (2009) found lower…
2 studies
Very low

Salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration · Children or adolescents

No significant difference in total salivary IgA between CLWH and healthy controls, though anti-Candida SIgA was higher in HIV groups; narrative only.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
Pomarico 2009 reported no significant difference in total SIgA among HIV-ART, HIV-HAART, and healthy children, but significantly higher anti-Candida albicans SIgA in the two HIV groups; no effect estimate pooled.
1 study
GRADE not reported