What do systematic reviews say?

Health literacy – Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention)*** (1) Any generic health literacy Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used: Health numeracy (NVS, score · migrants

Quality of life – Diabetes‐related quality of life standardised on score 0 (no quality of life) to 100 (perfect quality of life) Time point: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) · migrants

Health‐related knowledge – Any health‐related knowledge standardised on score 0 (no knowledge) to 100 (perfect knowledge) Time point: short‐term (up to 1 month post‐intervention) · migrants

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

Health behaviour – Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) (1) Diabetes self‐care activities SDSCA (score · migrants

Self‐efficacy · migrants

Self‐efficacy – Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Self‐efficacy in accessing breast cancer‐related advice or information · migrants

Health behaviour 5– Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used: (1) Blood glucose self‐monitoring 24‐hour recall, 3 questions on blood glucose self‐monitoring behaviour (2) Adhere... · migrants

Health behaviour – Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Cardiovascular health behaviour CSC (score · migrants

Participation (SDM‐specific‐reported outcomes, immediately after intervention) Combined Outcome Measure for Risk Communication and Treatment Decision‐making Effectiveness (COMRADE; Edwards 2003) measured immediately after decision‐making (Aoki 201... · patients with mental health disorders

Knowledge and understanding Variable scales: information (amount and type) needs/preferences; discordance between patient and physician survival and curability estimates Timing: immediately to 1 month post‐consultation · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

Evaluation of the communication: different constructs (perceptions of communication quality; patient‐centredness of communication; involvement preferences; doctor‐patient relationship measures) Timing: immediately post‐consultation to 18 weeks pos... · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

Discussions of EoL/EoL care: discussion occurrence EMR review post‐death; coding of consultations; self‐reported occurrence Timing: immediately, 1 or 2 weeks post‐consultation; after death · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers

Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

Relationship building/rapport Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

Overall communication skills Different scales used across studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

Relationship building/rapport Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students

Information gathering about patient perspectives/concerns Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students