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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

5 questions · 6 findings · 2 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 50%Low 3 · 50%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Tramadol vs pethidine

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with pethidine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs pethidine

Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs pethidine

Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery

Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nalbuphine vs pethidine

Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery

Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with pethidine (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review