Additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) · women in labour
IM pethidine may leads to lower additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (number of women satisfied or very satisfied after 30 minutes) · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether IM pethidine changes maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (number… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (described as good or fair after 1 hour) · women in labour
IM pethidine may leads to higher maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (described as good or… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes) · women in labour
IM pethidine may leads to higher maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural · women in labour
It is very uncertain whether IM pethidine changes epidural compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with pain relief · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta
1 finding from 1 review
Requirement of additional analgesia or general anaesthesia · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious maternal morbidity · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Providers' satisfaction with the procedure · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta
It is very uncertain whether paracervical block changes providers' satisfaction with the procedure compared with intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women's satisfaction with the procedure · women with persistent or prolonged retention of placenta
It is very uncertain whether paracervical block changes women's satisfaction with the procedure compared with intravenous diazepam/pethidine analgesia (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · children undergoing surgery
It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes number of patients requiring rescue analgesia (PACU) compared with pethidine (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with moderate to severe pain (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with PONV (PACU) · children undergoing surgery
Tramadol showed no clear difference in number of patients with PONV (PACU) compared with pethidine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (12 hours postoperatively) · children undergoing surgery
Nalbuphine showed no clear difference in number of patients with the need for rescue analgesia (2 hours… compared with pethidine (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review