Caries susceptibility, enamel demineralisation, erosion, or microhardness · Permanent teeth or extracted human teeth with artificial lesions
The laboratory studies did not find increased susceptibility to caries or enamel demineralisation, but no firm conclusions can be drawn because of high risk of bias.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Patient satisfaction (measured by patient satisfaction or aesthetic scales) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition
In the single RCT, all bleached patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome, though the trial was at high risk of bias (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Ulcer healing · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Individualised homeopathic medicine (two doses over 24 hours) led to higher complete ulcer healing by end of study (day 6) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Mean pain score and mean ulcer size · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
A statistically significant difference was reported in mean pain score and mean ulcer size favouring the homeopathic group (P<0.05). Summary data not presented, precluding further analysis.
1 study · 100 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
Pain free by end of study (day 6) · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
Individualised homeopathic medicine (two doses over 24 hours) led to higher pain free by end of study (day 6) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries susceptibility, enamel demineralisation, erosion, or microhardness · Permanent teeth / enamel specimens (in vitro)
Low-quality in vitro evidence suggests that bleaching of permanent teeth does not increase susceptibility to caries, demineralisation or erosion (ungraded); the clinical question could not be answered because only in vitro studies were available.
1 finding from 1 review
Colour change / camouflage of white spot lesions (reduction of colour disparity between carious and sound enamel) · Permanent teeth with post-orthodontic white spot lesions (orthodontic patients and in vitro enamel specimens)
Bleaching may diminish colour disparities and camouflage post-orthodontic white spot lesions, but the certainty of the evidence is very low; the findings could neither support nor refute bleaching.
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
It is very uncertain whether 12,500 ppm F (NaF/olaflur/dectaflur) amine fluoride gel,… changes number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) compared with 0 ppm F placebo gel (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries presence in primary teeth · For interventions, pregnant and lactating women; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
Breastfeeding promotion and support (e.g. individually tailored… showed no clear difference in caries presence in primary teeth compared with standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant and lactating women; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
Swelling (mean) · Adults (>16 years old) undergoing orthognathic surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery 2017 · Cochrane All outcomesUp to 3 years postoperatively
Though Cheung 2004 reported the presence of postoperative swelling, it was only noted in conjunction with infection and pus discharge; assessment of this outcome did not include the use of photography or digital…
1 study · 60 participants
GRADE not reported
Oral care vs No oral care
Outcome not reported · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of NHAP · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of NHAP, follow-up 8-30 months, 5018 (5 studies), Low. Not pooled (individual and cluster-randomised designs, varying effect measures and follow-up). Component estimates: Bourigault HR 0.65 (0.29 to 1.46;…
5 studies · 5018 participants
Low
Mortality (all‐cause) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
1 finding from 1 review
All-cause mortality, follow-up 12-30 months, 3764 (3 studies), Very low. Not pooled. Adachi RR 0.80 (0.40 to 1.58; 88); Juthani-Mehta HR 1.16 (0.88 to 1.53; 834); Zimmerman adjusted IRR 0.83 (0.61 to 1.12; 1606).…
3 studies · 3764 participants
Very low
Mortality (pneumonia-associated) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
Professional oral care may leads to lower mortality (pneumonia-associated) compared with usual oral care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fever · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
Professional oral care led to lower incidence or prevalence of fever compared with usual oral care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects of interventions · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
1 finding from 1 review
Measured in only 1 study (834 participants), which reported no serious events and 64 non-serious events, the most common of which were oral cavity disturbances (not defined) and dental staining.
1 study · 834 participants
GRADE not reported
Change in data on economics and quality of life · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
Professional oral care led to higher change in data on economics and quality of life compared with usual oral care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health indices · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities
Professional oral care led to higher oral health indices compared with usual oral care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review