Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

19 questions · 19 findings · 4 reviews

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No studies found 7 · 36.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 9 · 47.4%Low 2 · 10.5%Moderate 1 · 5.3%High 0 · 0%

Financial incentive vs no incentives

Number recruited · individuals eligible for a trial

Financial incentive showed no clear difference in number recruited compared with no incentive (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve recruitment to randomised trials 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.48 [0.85, 2.58]
6 studies · 1506 participants
Moderate

Financial incentive vs usual practice

Uptake of HPV vaccineb · Adolescents (10-19 years)

1 finding from 1 review

Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 500 participants
Low

Health education plus financial incentives vs usual practice

Uptake of hepatitis B vaccineb · adolescents and parents

1 finding from 1 review

Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 104 participants
Very low

Financial Incentive to Quality Improvement vs capitation without P4P

All‐cause mortality · Hospitals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance for hospitals 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Financial Incentive to Quality Improvement vs capitation without P4P

Adverse clinical events · Hospitals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance for hospitals 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Financial Incentive to Quality Improvement vs capitation without P4P

Quality of care (process quality score) · Hospitals

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance for hospitals 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Financial Incentive to Quality Improvement vs capitation without P4P

Equity · Hospitals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance for hospitals 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Financial Incentive to Quality Improvement vs capitation without P4P

Resource use · Hospitals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pay for performance for hospitals 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Drug use (item per patient or prescription)

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Healthcare utilisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Health outcomes

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Drug use (generic percentage)

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Costs per item

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Costs per patient or prescription

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Total costs

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Healthcare utilisation (referral to outpatient specialists)

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Health outcomes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Drug use

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Costs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found