Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

23 questions · 23 findings · 4 reviews · Hypertension

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 4.3%Low 8 · 34.8%Moderate 3 · 13%High 11 · 47.8%

First‐line high‐dose thiazide vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line drugs for hypertension 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 15170 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

HDL‐cholesterol · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 738 participants
High

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) vs lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · older adults with primary hypertension

Higher BP target (< 150‐160/95‐105 mmHg) showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse effects compared with lower BP target (< 140/90 mmHg) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.58, 1.19]
2 studies · 7497 participants
Low

Lower blood pressure targets vs standard blood pressure targets

Withdrawals due to adverse events · cardiovascular disease with high blood pressure

It is very uncertain whether lower blood pressure targets changes participant withdrawals due to adverse effects compared with standard blood pressure targets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.16 [2.06, 32.28]
3 studies · 801 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

White population, normotensive, SBP mmHg · White population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
95 studies · 5982 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Asian population, normotensive, DBP mmHg · Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 950 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Asian population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg · Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 254 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Asian population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg · Asian population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 254 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Renin ng/ml/hour · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
91 studies · 2904 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Aldosterone pg/mL · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
70 studies · 2506 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Noradrenaline pg/mL · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
38 studies · 878 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Adrenaline pg/mL · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 331 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Cholesterol mg/dL · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 917 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Trigyceride mg/dL · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 712 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

White population, normotensive, DBP mmHg · White population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
96 studies · 6276 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

LDL‐cholesterol · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 696 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

White population, hypertensive, SBP mmHg · White population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
88 studies · 3998 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

White population, hypertensive, DBP mmHg · White population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
89 studies · 4032 participants
High

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Black population, normotensive, SBP mmHg · Black population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 253 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

Black population, normotensive, DBP mmHg · Black population with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 253 participants
Low