Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

535 questions · 545 findings · 129 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 131 · 24%GRADE not reported 30 · 5.5%Very low 123 · 22.6%Low 136 · 25%Moderate 98 · 18%High 27 · 5%

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA scan at 1 to 2 years: endoscopic correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone (unit of analysis: children) · primary VUR

Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography (CTG) vs CTG alone

Caesarean section ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral and intravenous vs oral or intravenous alone

Wound infection · colorectal surgery

Combined oral and intravenous leads to lower surgical wound infection: oral + iv versus iv alone compared with oral or intravenous alone (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review