Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

145 questions · 160 findings · 31 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 16 · 10%GRADE not reported 22 · 13.8%Very low 33 · 20.6%Low 17 · 10.6%Moderate 71 · 44.4%High 1 · 0.6%

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Extent of hospital care: 5. readmitted to in/day patient care after discharge · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

It is very uncertain whether day hospital changes extent of hospital care: 5. readmitted to in/day patient care after… compared with inpatient (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early · patients with schizophrenia

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: Any reason ‐ when compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Mental state: No clinically important improvement · patients with schizophrenia

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) showed no clear difference in mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured by PANSS ‐ when compared with standard‐low dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

ULTRA LOW DOSE (<2 mg/day) showed no clear difference in mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ as measured… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Leaving the study early (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes leaving the study early (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (>… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Global state: No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes global state: 1. No clinically significant response in global state… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Global state: 1. No clinically significant response in global state (2‐10 weeks) vs. high dose (> 15‐35 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes global state: 1. No clinically significant response in global state… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. standard higher dose (> 7.5‐15 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) vs OTHER DOSES

Adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side effects (2‐10 weeks) vs. high dose (> 15‐35 mg/day) · people with the acute phase of schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether STANDARD LOWER DOSE (> 3 to 7.5 mg/day) changes adverse effects: 1. Clinically significant extrapyramidal side… compared with OTHER DOSES (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with ultra low dose (<2 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) probably leads to lower global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: No clinically important improvement ‐ global evaluation ‐ when compared with standard‐higher dose (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

HIGH DOSE (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review