Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

24 questions · 24 findings · 6 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 3 · 12.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 9 · 37.5%Low 9 · 37.5%Moderate 3 · 12.5%High 0 · 0%

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment

Adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Oral alkylating agents ± steroids may leads to higher adverse events ‐ temporary/permanent discontinuation or… compared with placebo/no treatment/steroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids

Adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent… compared with placebo/no treatment/supportive treatment/steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids vs alkylating agents ± steroids

Adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

It is very uncertain whether calcineurin inhibitors ± steroids changes adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent… compared with alkylating agents ± steroids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immunosuppressive treatment vs placebo/no treatment/non‐immunosuppressive supportive treatment

Adverse events ‐ temporary or permanent discontinuation/hospitalisation at final · primary membranous nephropathy in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Immunosuppressive treatment probably leads to higher adverse events: temporary/permanent discontinuation or… compared with placebo/no treatment/non‐immunosuppressive supportive treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine vs methotrexate

Adverse event causing death or study drug discontinuation · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Azathioprine showed no clear difference in adverse events causing death or study drug discontinuation compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in adverse events causing study drug discontinuation compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review