Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

34 questions · 34 findings · 4 reviews · Hypertension

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 10 · 29.4%Moderate 24 · 70.6%High 0 · 0%

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers vs placebo

Variation in the decrease in 24‐hour ambulatory hourly SBP (at 3 to 12 weeks) · adults with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Time course for blood pressure lowering of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 2768 participants
Moderate

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers vs placebo

Variation in the decrease in 24‐hour ambulatory hourly DBP (at 3 to 12 weeks) · adults with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Time course for blood pressure lowering of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 2768 participants
Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers

Total mortality

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1, 1.14]
4 studies · 44825 participants
Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers

Total cardiovascular disease

Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher total cardiovascular disease compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.29]
2 studies · 19915 participants
Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers

Stroke

Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher total stroke compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [1.11, 1.4]
3 studies · 44167 participants
Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers

Total coronary heart disease

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total coronary heart disease compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.15]
3 studies · 44167 participants
Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers

Withdrawals due to adverse events

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse effect compared with calcium‐channel blockers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.71, 2.04]
2 studies · 21591 participants
Low

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Cardiovascular events · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides probably leads to lower total cardiovascular events Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.89, 0.98]
6 studies · 35217 participants
Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Stroke · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total stroke Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.95, 1.18]
6 studies · 35217 participants
Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Total CHD Duration: 1 to 5 years · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total CHD Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.93, 1.08]
6 studies · 35217 participants
Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Congestive heart failure · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides probably leads to lower total congestive heart failure Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.66, 0.82]
6 studies · 35217 participants
Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Adverse effects (side effects; treatment withdrawals) · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides may leads to lower withdrawals due to adverse effects Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.75, 0.88]
7 studies · 33908 participants
Low

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Total mortality Duration: 1 to 5 years · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total mortality Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
7 studies · 35417 participants
Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

Total serious adverse events Duration: 1.75 to 3 years · patients with hypertension

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total serious adverse events Duration: 1.75 to 3 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.97, 1.24]
2 studies · 7204 participants
Low

CCBs vs diuretics

All‐cause mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with diuretic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.04]
5 studies · 35057 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs beta‐blocker

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs may leads to lower cardiovascular mortality compared with β‐blocker (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.81, 0.99]
4 studies · 44825 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

All‐cause mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.03]
7 studies · 27999 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

Myocardial infarction · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.97, 1.14]
7 studies · 27999 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

Stroke · patients with hypertension

CCBs may leads to lower stroke compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.81, 0.99]
7 studies · 27999 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

Congestive heart failure · patients with hypertension

CCBs may leads to higher congestive heart failure compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [1.06, 1.28]
5 studies · 25276 participants
Low