Therapeutic community probably leads to lower re‐incarceration compared with treatment (moderate certainty).
Mental health treatment court with assertive case management model showed no clear difference in re‐incarceration to jail compared with treatment (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and standard therapy changes incarceration at 3 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).
Collaborative case management showed no clear difference in reincarceration at 9 months compared with treatment (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes incarcerated for drug offences at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).
Intensive discharge planning and case management showed no clear difference in incarceration compared with prison only (moderate certainty).
Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies showed no clear difference in reincarcerated at 12 months after parole compared with prison therapeutic community (low certainty).
Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Re‐incarceration official records compared with no intervention (low certainty).
Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Antagonost (Naltrexone) probably leads to lower criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Reincarceration official records compared with no pharmacological (moderate certainty).