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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

16 questions · 17 findings · 3 reviews

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No studies found 2 · 11.8%GRADE not reported 6 · 35.3%Very low 3 · 17.6%Low 2 · 11.8%Moderate 1 · 5.9%High 3 · 17.6%

Botulinum neurotoxin B vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with cervical dystonia

Botulinum neurotoxin B showed no clear difference in proportion of withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum neurotoxin B vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse events · adults with cervical dystonia

It is very uncertain whether botulinum neurotoxin B changes proportion of participants with adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs No BoNT (placebo or pre-treatment baseline)

Salivary Lactobacilli counts · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease

Salivary Lactobacilli counts were unchanged in two studies but significantly increased in one study one month after BoNT (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral health effects of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling: a systematic review. 2020 All outcomes
    Before vs after BoNT injection (2018 study: significant Lactobacilli increase at 1 month; Wu 2011 and 2017 study no change) · Neurological-disease populations with drooling (e.g., cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, adults with sialorrhea); specialist clinical care
    No statistically significant changes in Lactobacilli CFU counts were reported by Wu et al. or by Tiigimae-Saar 2017. However, the 2018 study found that Lactobacilli CFU counts were significantly increased one month…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs No BoNT (placebo or pre-treatment baseline)

Salivary osmolality (hydration level) · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease

No included study reported salivary osmolality; this pre-planned outcome remains unassessed (no studies).

1 finding from 1 review

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs No BoNT (placebo or pre-treatment baseline)

Salivary S. mutans level · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease

BoNT injections were not associated with significant changes in salivary S. mutans counts across three studies (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral health effects of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling: a systematic review. 2020 All outcomes
    Before vs after BoNT injection · Neurological-disease populations with drooling (e.g., cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, adults with sialorrhea); specialist clinical care
    The RCT by Wu et al. reported no statistically significant changes in S. mutans CFU counts (p-values only). The studies of Tiigimae-Saar did not find statistically significant differences in S. mutans CFU counts either.
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs No BoNT (placebo or pre-treatment baseline)

Salivary pH · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease

BoNT injections were not associated with significant changes in oral/salivary pH across three studies (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral health effects of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling: a systematic review. 2020 All outcomes
    Before vs after BoNT injection · Neurological-disease populations with drooling (e.g., cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, adults with sialorrhea); specialist clinical care
    Wu et al. did not observe significant differences in participants' oral pH before and after BoNT-A injections between the active and control groups. There were also no statistically significant differences regarding…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs No BoNT (placebo or pre-treatment baseline)

Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease

In one RCT, BoNT-B 2500 U was not associated with a statistically significant increase in new caries versus placebo (RR 2.4, 95% CI 0.48 to 11.80; not significant).

2 findings from 1 review

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs No BoNT (placebo or pre-treatment baseline)

Salivary buffering capacity · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease

Salivary buffering capacity did not decrease after BoNT; one of two quasi-experimental studies reported a significant increase (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Oral health effects of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling: a systematic review. 2020 All outcomes
    Before vs after BoNT injection (2018 study: significant buffering increase at 1 month; 2017 study no change) · Neurological-disease populations with drooling (e.g., cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, adults with sialorrhea); specialist clinical care
    The quasi-experimental studies of Tiigimae-Saar found different results concerning the changes in buffering capacity. For the analysis carried out in 2017, no statistically significant change was observed. By contrast,…
    2 studies
    GRADE not reported

Surgery vs botulinum neurotoxin injections

Treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia

It is very uncertain whether surgery changes treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months compared with botulinum neurotoxin injections (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review