What do systematic reviews say?

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether beta‐carotene changes neovascular AMD compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.17, 2.15]
  1 study · 941 participants
  Very low

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether beta‐carotene changes geographic atrophy compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.31 [0.03, 2.93]
  1 study · 941 participants
  Very low

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  High

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

Beta‐carotene showed no clear difference in any AMD compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.88, 1.14]
  2 studies · 22083 participants
  High

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

Beta‐carotene showed no clear difference in late AMD (either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy or both) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.65, 1.24]
  2 studies · 22083 participants
  Moderate

Antioxidants vs placebo

• Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1904 participants
  Moderate
• Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Low
• Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 4052 participants
  Moderate

Antioxidants vs placebo

• Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20536 participants
  Moderate
• Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1100 participants
  Moderate