Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

28 questions · 28 findings · 5 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 1 · 3.6%Very low 3 · 10.7%Low 13 · 46.4%Moderate 9 · 32.1%High 2 · 7.1%

Antidepressants vs placebo: all studies

Response to antidepressive treatment · people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants changes response to antidepressive treatment compared with placebo: all studies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo: all studies

Consumption of alcohol: abstinent participants (number) · people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher consumption of alcohol: abstinent participants (number) compared with placebo: all studies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo: all studies

Tolerability of treatment: withdrawal for medical reasons · people with co‐occurring depression and alcohol dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in tolerability of treatment: withdrawal for medical reasons compared with placebo: all studies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Dropout ‐ Dropouts: excluding studies with high risk of bias objective · patients with cocaine abuse and dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in dropout ‐ Dropouts: excluding studies with high risk of bias objective compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in dropout ‐ Studies with low risk of bias compared with placebo according to any definition (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in… compared with placebo according to any definition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression Scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants may leads to higher severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much"… compared with placebo according to any definition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression Scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants may leads to higher severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much"… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review