Adverse effects of treatment · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) · Patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis
1 finding from 1 review
Serum hs-CRP tested at one year; as loss to follow-up was almost 90%, data not considered useful for analysis (no usable estimate).
1 study · 37 participants
GRADE not reported
Gingival index (GI) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower gingival index (GI) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -1.75 [-2.27, -1.24]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… probably leads to lower hbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change compared with no active intervention/usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life indicators · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -2.05 [-2.57, -1.53]
18 studies
GRADE not reported
Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD -0.56 [-0.72, -0.40]
21 studies
GRADE not reported
Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Diabetic complications · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Included studies did not report cost data. A brief economic commentary drew on four external economic evaluations (Smits 2020, Nasseh 2017, Choi 2020, Soloweij-Wedderburn 2017) suggesting potential cost…
0 studies
No studies found
Clinical attachment level (CAL) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD -0.48 [-0.65, -0.31]
18 studies
GRADE not reported
Plaque · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
In randomized trials, clear aligners probably reduce plaque accumulation versus fixed appliances, though the subgroup estimate is imprecise and its CI crosses no effect (SMD -1.79, 95% CI -3.63 to 0.04; moderate certainty).
6 findings from 1 review
Show 3 more findings
White spot lesion incidence · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
Most studies reported a lower incidence of white spot lesions with clear aligners than fixed appliances, but heterogeneous assessment methods precluded meta-analysis (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of white spot lesions (surface area and depth) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
White spot lesion severity was assessed narratively in a small number of studies and not meta-analyzed; evidence is limited (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary caries-associated bacteria (S. mutans and Lactobacilli, subjects with >10^5 CFU/mL) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
Both included studies reported higher salivary caries-associated bacteria (S. mutans and Lactobacilli) with fixed appliances than clear aligners; not meta-analyzed (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Pocket closure · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment
2 findings from 1 review
Three studies evaluated the proportion of closed pockets three months after treatment (Al-Zahrani 2011; Courval 2020; Rodrigues 2023); studies used different criteria to measure this outcome. All studies reported an…
3 studies
GRADE not reported
No studies measured this outcome at 6 months (SoF row labeled 'Change in pocket depth from baseline to 6 months after initial treatment').
Studies not reported
No studies found
Patient satisfaction · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effect related to aPDT · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Risk with control: 23 studies reported that no adverse effects of aPDT were observed. Number of participants (studies): 639 (24 studies). Certainty: Moderate. (24 studies reported adverse effects, with all studies…
24 studies · 639 participants
Moderate
Quality of life · Adults (> 18 years) with peri-implant mucositis, receiving active treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · Adults (> 18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of periodontitis, receiving active (non-surgical anti-infective) treatment
Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) applied after… led to higher change in probing pocket depth (PPD) compared with subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone (hand or power-driven, or…; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review