It is very uncertain whether levamisole changes adverse effects: abnormal liver function tests compared with cyclophosphamide (very low certainty).
Endoscopic injection treatment showed no clear difference in total new and progressive Renal parenchymal abnormalities on DMSA… compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).
Intraperitoneal showed no clear difference in abnormal bone histology Bone biopsy compared with oral calcitriol (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether calcium carbonate changes abnormal bone biopsy Bone histology compared with aluminium hydroxide (very low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children without VUR compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children with VUR compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment probably leads to lower recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children, in studies with adequate… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether antibiotic treatment changes repeat positive urine culture compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in microbial resistance to prophylactic drug compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).