Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,227 questions · 2,562 findings · 156 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 297 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 1,616 · 63.1%Very low 405 · 15.8%Low 144 · 5.6%Moderate 81 · 3.2%High 19 · 0.7%

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Lesion area (decalcification area, pixels) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study reported a larger decalcification lesion area with aligners versus fixed appliances in adults at 3 months (MD 80.50 pixels, 95% CI 60.52 to 100.48; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Less frequent tooth brushing (< twice daily) vs More frequent tooth brushing (>= twice daily)

Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

More frequent tooth brushing was generally protective against caries, though findings were somewhat inconsistent across studies (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower family socioeconomic status / income vs Higher socioeconomic position

Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

Evidence on socioeconomic status/income and caries was inconsistent: some studies linked lower income to higher caries while others found no association (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

No statistically significant difference in bleeding on probing between SSc patients and controls (SMD 1.05, CI includes 0); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental plaque assessment (plaque score/index) vs None (descriptive prevalence review; subgroup analyses by urban/rural status, country and year)

Plaque · Children in the United Arab Emirates (Ajman, Sharjah)

Dental plaque levels were high and associated with frequent snacking and less frequent tooth brushing, and higher plaque was linked to more caries (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Periodontitis (clinical attachment loss) · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

Attachment loss is significantly increased in systemic sclerosis patients (SMD 2.58) with very high heterogeneity; certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls)

Patient outcomes: mean number of filled teeth per 0- to 15-year-old · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies)

No statistically significant difference in number of filled teeth between SSc patients and controls (SMD -0.12, CI includes 0); certainty ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

S. mutans counts (5th-root transformed) · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment

A single study found no significant difference in S. mutans counts between aligners and fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (MD -2.22, 95% CI -6.82 to 2.38; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review