Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,736 questions · 15,265 findings · 1,163 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,871 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 810 · 5.3%Very low 4,242 · 27.8%Low 3,879 · 25.4%Moderate 1,999 · 13.1%High 464 · 3%

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Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

Pain (PIPP) · neonates

3 findings from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 547 participants
Moderate
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 227 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 164 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 192 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

DAN scores at 30 seconds after heel lancing (term infants)Scale from: 0 to 10 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Fatigue · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 119 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Physical function · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 182 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Disease activity · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 184 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 121 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Withdrawals due to any reason · systemic lupus erythematosus

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care changes withdrawals due to any reason compared with another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.13, 5.94]
7 studies · 317 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Serious adverse events ‐ not reported · systemic lupus erythematosus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Quality of life ‐ not reported · systemic lupus erythematosus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

Pain, assessed using the CRIES pain scale, ranging from 0 to 10, during the procedure— opioids versus facilitated tucking · procedural pain in neonates

2 findings from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Very low
Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Very low

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

Harms · procedural pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

Episodes of bradycardia · procedural pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

Episodes of apnoea · procedural pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

Hypotension—not reported · procedural pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Opioids vs oral sweet solution or non‐pharmacological intervention

Parent satisfaction with care provided in the NICU—not reported · procedural pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

NFCS pain score during the procedure№ of infants: 112(2 RCTs) Score · procedural pain in neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

Pain score assessed up to 10 minutes after the procedure · procedural pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NMDA receptor antagonists vs no treatment, placebo, oral sweet solution, or non‐pharmacological intervention

Episodes of bradycardia · procedural pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐opioid analgesics for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found