What do systematic reviews say?

Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) vs placebo

Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) showed no clear difference in adverse events—serious—400/103 Duration of six months compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.09 [0.66, 1.79]
  890 participants
  Low

Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) vs placebo

Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) showed no clear difference in adverse events—serious—200/103 Duration of six months compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.71 [0.41, 1.23]
  894 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes survival (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.02 [0.84, 1.25]
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes gastric outlet obstruction Clinical symptoms of vomiting with… (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.1 [0.03, 0.37]
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary carcinoma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 87 participants
  Very low

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in quality of life1 St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); lower… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  17 studies · 11397 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower severe exacerbations (hospitalisations) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.73 [0.56, 0.95]
  7 studies · 2859 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower moderate exacerbations (course of antibiotics or oral steroids) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.73 [0.61, 0.87]
  7 studies · 3375 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in severe/moderate exacerbations (hospitalisation or course of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.76, 1.02]
  7 studies · 3968 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.9 [0.75, 1.08]
  23 studies · 14079 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in participants with one or more serious adverse event (non‐fatal) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.97 [0.83, 1.14]
  20 studies · 12446 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in predose FEV1 (mL) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 73
  14 studies · 6125 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 189 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 324 participants
  Moderate