Women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term dyspareunia (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective showed no clear difference in women with long‐term urinary incontinence (≥ 6 months) compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
X‐ray pelvimetry may leads to higher caesarean section compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
It is very uncertain whether X‐ray pelvimetry changes perinatal mortality compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Wound sepsis · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
It is very uncertain whether X‐ray pelvimetry changes wound sepsis compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood transfusion · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
It is very uncertain whether X‐ray pelvimetry changes blood transfusion compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Scar dehiscence · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
It is very uncertain whether X‐ray pelvimetry changes scar dehiscence compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal admission to special care · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
It is very uncertain whether X‐ray pelvimetry changes admission to special care baby units compared with no X‐ray pelvimetry (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women at or near term with fetal cephalic presentations
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Interventions and comparisons · Pregnant women who smoke
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Abstinence · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to higher abstinence at 0 to 5 months postpartum compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Birthweight < 2500 (g) · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower low birthweight (under 2500 g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in preterm birth (under 37 weeks) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stillbirth · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · Pregnant women who smoke
Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower NICU admissions compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events and psychological impact · Pregnant women who smoke
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Counselling vs usual care · Pregnant women who smoke
The intervention leads to higher counselling vs usual care (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Health education vs usual care · Pregnant women who smoke
The intervention showed no clear difference in health education vs usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Feedback vs usual care · Pregnant women who smoke
The intervention probably leads to higher feedback vs usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review