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Anticoagulant showed no clear difference in adverse events (minor bleeding) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Systemic TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Topical TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Topical TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Topical TXA showed no clear difference in thromboembolic events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Topical TXA showed no clear difference in adverse event compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Topical TXA showed no clear difference in major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Topical TXA may leads to lower minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in secondary interventions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA probably leads to lower major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether systemic TXA changes unplanned hospitalizations or readmissions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (very low certainty).
Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at day 28 compared with saline placebo (low certainty).