Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,061 questions · 2,151 findings · 116 reviews

No studies found 609 · 28.3%GRADE not reported 268 · 12.5%Very low 635 · 29.5%Low 491 · 22.8%Moderate 122 · 5.7%High 26 · 1.2%

Lidocaine vs placebo

Incidence of pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Lidocaine may leads to lower pain ‐ lidocaine compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs placebo

Pain ‐ remifentanil · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Remifentanil may leads to lower pain ‐ remifentanil compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic antispasticity drugs vs placebo

Indirect measure of spasticity Modified Ashworth Scale · people with spasticity following stroke

It is very uncertain whether systemic antispasticity drugs changes indirect measure of spasticity Modified Ashworth Scale compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Short‐term improvement Scale used (range; lower is better): Clinical Global Impression (1 to 7) Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (1 to 70) Panic Disorder Severity Scale (0 to 28) Brief Scale for Anxiety (0 to 60) · adults with panic disorder
1 finding from 1 review