Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,539 questions · 2,602 findings · 424 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 572 · 22%GRADE not reported 189 · 7.3%Very low 527 · 20.3%Low 685 · 26.3%Moderate 514 · 19.8%High 115 · 4.4%

GnRH antagonist vs long‐course GnRH agonist

Cycle cancellation due to poor ovarian response · women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)

GnRH antagonist probably leads to higher cycle cancellation due to poor ovarian response compared with long‐course GnRH agonist (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Thromboembolic events · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation probably leads to lower thromboembolic events compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

self‐management of oral anticoagulation probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Major bleeding · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in major haemorrhage compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Minor haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in minor haemorrhage compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Major bleeding · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in major haemorrhage compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Minor haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in minor haemorrhage compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Thromboembolic events · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation probably leads to lower thromboembolic events compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Major bleeding · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in major haemorrhage compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Minor haemorrhage · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in minor haemorrhage compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

Thromboembolic events · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

self‐management of oral anticoagulation probably leads to lower thromboembolic events compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indacaterol vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Indacaterol showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing at least 1 exacerbation… compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indacaterol vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Serious adverse events Adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Indacaterol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Adverse events compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indacaterol vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Mortality Deaths · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Indacaterol showed no clear difference in mortality Deaths compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indacaterol vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Indacaterol showed no clear difference in number of participants with a clinically significant improvement in… compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review