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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention Quality of life Average endpoint score, QLS (higher score = better, scale from: 0‐126) Long‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early (events) Long‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.26, 1.28] | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Group A: amino acids vs placebo Adverse effects: suicidal thoughts Short‐term (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 3.57 [0.15, 83.14] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs supportive therapy + placebo Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.28, 1.98] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs supportive therapy + placebo Global state: clinically important change in global state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs supportive therapy + placebo Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from 0‐126) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs supportive therapy + placebo Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs supportive therapy + placebo Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.61, 3.18] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs supportive therapy + placebo Quality of life Average endpoint scores, QLS (higher score = better, scale from 0‐126) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs supportive therapy + placebo Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.54, 2.09] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 6.32 [0.34, 117.09] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention Global state: clinically important change in global state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention Mental state: clinically important change in mental state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group A: amino acids vs placebo Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.81, 2.25] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs supportive therapy + placebo Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.28, 2.03] | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs supportive therapy + placebo Global state: clinically important change in global state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs supportive therapy + placebo Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐126) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs supportive therapy + placebo Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs supportive therapy + placebo Adverse effects: doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 [0.64, 3.16] | 1 study · 58 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs supportive therapy + placebo Quality of life Average endpoint scores, QLS (higher score = better, scale from: 0‐126) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Group A: amino acids vs placebo Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.55, 1.69] | 2 studies · 52 participants | Very low |
Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs supportive therapy + placebo Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.6, 2.25] | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low |
Group C other: cognitive training vs active control (tablet games) Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: cognitive training vs active control (tablet games) Global state: clinically important change in global state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: cognitive training vs active control (tablet games) Mental state: psychosis risk symptoms SOPS total (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐114) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Group C other: cognitive training vs active control (tablet games) Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: cognitive training vs active control (tablet games) Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: cognitive training vs active control (tablet games) Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: cognitive training vs active control (tablet games) Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) Long‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.48, 1.29] | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis FACT Long‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.35, 1.45] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care Global state: antipsychotic prescriptions (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.69, 2.02] | 1 study · 129 participants | Very low |
Group A: omega‐3 fatty acids vs placebo Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Long‐term (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.09, 0.67] | 1 study · 81 participants | Low |
Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care Mental state: specific ‐ psychosis risk, positive symptoms Average total score, SOPS positive (higher score = worse, scale from 0‐30) Short‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care Adverse events: suicide (events) Long‐term (by 24 months) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.06, 15.55] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: family treatment vs enhanced care Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early FACT Long‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.52, 1.68] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Group C other: integrated treatment vs standard treatment Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) Long‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.28, 1.15] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
Group C other: integrated treatment vs standard treatment Global state: clinically important change in global state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: integrated treatment vs standard treatment Mental state SANS total (higher score = worse, scale from 0‐130) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Group C other: integrated treatment vs standard treatment Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group C other: integrated treatment vs standard treatment Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Group A: omega‐3 fatty acids vs placebo Global state: antipsychotic prescription Long‐term (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.3, 0.99] | 1 study · 69 participants | Low |
Group C other: integrated treatment vs standard treatment Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |