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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,050 questions in 42 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 37.2%Ungraded 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures Subjective cure within 18 months · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [1.14, 1.64] | 1 study · 158 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures Quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures Repeat continence surgery: · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.01, 8.37] | 1 study · 157 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension Subjective cure within 18 months: laparoscopic colposuspension using mesh and staples · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.61, 0.93] | 3 studies · 362 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures Adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.45, 1.7] | 1 study · 161 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures Adverse effects: bladder perforations · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures Adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with one suture vs laparoscopic colposuspension with two sutures Adverse effects: voiding dysfunction · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.82 [0.3, 26.54] | 1 study · 158 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples Subjective cure within 18 months · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.96, 1.59] | 2 studies · 180 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples Quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples Repeat continence surgery: · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.06, 14.91] | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples Adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.94 [1.09, 3.48] | 3 studies · 260 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples Adverse effects: bladder perforations · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples Adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.17, 3.06] | 2 studies · 122 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension Quality of life · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 742 participants | Ungraded |
Laparoscopic colposuspension with sutures vs laparoscopic colposuspension with mesh and staples Adverse effects: voiding dysfunction · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension Repeat continence surgery: · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Ungraded |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension Adverse effects: perioperative complications (number of events) · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.47, 0.94] | 11 studies · 1369 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension Adverse effects: bladder perforations · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.72 [0.9, 3.29] | 10 studies · 1311 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension Adverse effects: de novo detrusor overactivity (urodynamic diagnosis) · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.72, 2.3] | 5 studies · 472 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs open colposuspension Adverse effects: voiding dysfunction · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.5, 1.31] | 5 studies · 507 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic colposuspension vs midurethral sling procedures Subjective cure within 18 months: laparoscopic colposuspension using sutures versus TVT · women with urinary incontinence Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.88, 1.16] | 4 studies · 256 participants | Low |
Behavioural interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of participants continent after treatment · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specialised professional input interventions vs usual care or no treatment Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specialised professional input interventions vs usual care or no treatment Functional ability · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specialised professional input interventions vs usual care or no treatment Adverse events · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of participants continent after treatment · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.82 [1.57, 5.07] | 5 studies · 524 participants | Low |
Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of incontinent episodes · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Perception of improvement or cure · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Functional ability · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Adverse events · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of participants continent after treatment · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behavioural interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of incontinent episodes · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Physical therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of incontinent episodes · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 142 participants | Low |
Physical therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Perception of improvement or cure · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Physical therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Functional ability: mean Barthel score (continuous variables) · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | MD 8.97 [1.27, 16.68] | 81 participants | Moderate |
Physical therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment Adverse events · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behavioural interventions vs usual care or no treatment Perception of improvement or cure · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behavioural interventions vs usual care or no treatment Health status and quality of life assessed by Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire (quality of life items, score range 0, best case, to 18, worst case); mean total score Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (each subscale score r... · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 55 participants | Low |
Behavioural interventions vs usual care or no treatment Functional ability · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Behavioural interventions vs usual care or no treatment Adverse events · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specialised professional input interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of participants continent after treatment ‐ three months · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.81, 2.02] | 1 study · 121 participants | Moderate |
Specialised professional input interventions vs usual care or no treatment Number of incontinent episodes · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Specialised professional input interventions vs usual care or no treatment Perception of improvement or cure · people with stroke and urinary incontinence Interventions for treating urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Repeat midurethral tape (any type) vs any other non‐tape surgical treatment (e.g. traditional sling, colposuspension, injectables) Number of women whose incontinence was improved or cured ‐ · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One type of repeat midurethral tape vs another type of repeat midurethral tape Condition‐specific instruments designed to assess incontinence ‐ e.g. BFLUTS · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 46 participants | Ungraded |
One type of repeat midurethral tape vs another type of repeat midurethral tape Repeat continence surgery · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
One type of repeat midurethral tape vs another type of repeat midurethral tape Adverse events · women with recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive midurethral tape surgery Interventions for treating recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 46 participants | Ungraded |