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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment Mortality due to rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment for prevention of… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.34, 0.76] | 26 studies · 1779 participants | Very low |
Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment Acute hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment for prevention of… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.33, 1.92] | 24 studies · 1649 participants | Very low |
Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment Chronic hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment for prevention of… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.51 [1.38, 4.55] | 13 studies · 956 participants | Very low |
Total shunt vs endoscopic intervention All‐cause mortality · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment for prevention of… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.19, 1.13] | 3 studies · 164 participants | Very low |
Total shunt vs endoscopic intervention Rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment for prevention of… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.28 [0.14, 0.56] | 2 studies · 127 participants | Very low |
Total shunt vs endoscopic intervention Health‐related quality of life · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment for prevention of… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment Mortality at last · patients with liver metastases Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.36, 1.33] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment Time to mortality · patients with liver metastases Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment Health‐related quality of life · patients with liver metastases Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment Failure to clear liver metastases or recurrence of liver metastases · patients with liver metastases Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.15, 1.15] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment Time to progression of liver metastases · patients with liver metastases Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment Tumour response measures · patients with liver metastases Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment Serious adverse events and complications · patients with liver metastases Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation and transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Mortality at 44 months from trial entry Number of participants · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.74, 1.06] | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Transarterial embolisation vs no intervention Failure to clear liver metastases or recurrence of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Transarterial embolisation vs no intervention Time to progression of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation vs no intervention Tumour response measures · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation vs no intervention Adverse events and complications · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Mortality at 44 months from trial entry Number of participants · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.65, 1.07] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Survival time Median (range) survival time after trial entry Survival time Median (range) survival time from diagnosis · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Failure to clear liver metastases or recurrence of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Time to progression of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Tumour response measures · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation and transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Survival time Median (range) survival time after trial entry Survival time Median (range) survival time from diagnosis · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Adverse events and complications · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Transarterial embolisation and transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Failure to clear liver metastases or recurrence of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Transarterial embolisation and transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Time to progression of liver metastases · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation and transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Tumour response measures · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation and transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Health‐related quality of life · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transarterial embolisation and transarterial chemoembolisation vs no intervention Adverse events and complications · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 61 participants | Very low |
Transarterial embolisation vs no intervention Mortality at 44 months from trial entry Number of participants · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.75, 1.1] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Transarterial embolisation vs no intervention Survival time Median (range) survival time after trial entry Survival time Median (range) survival time from diagnosis · people with liver metastases Transarterial (chemo)embolisation versus no intervention or placebo for liver metastases (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation plus sorafenib vs sorafenib monotherapy All‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radioembolisation vs sorafenib Serious adverse events · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 360 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation vs sorafenib Cancer‐related mortality · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radioembolisation vs sorafenib Time to progression of the tumour (median time to progression) · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 360 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation vs sorafenib Disease control rate · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.84, 1.05] | 2 studies · 748 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation vs sorafenib Non‐serious adverse events (hand‐foot skin reaction) · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.02 [0, 0.06] | 2 studies · 734 participants | Low |
Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation All‐cause mortality at 1 year · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation Health‐related quality of life · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation Serious adverse events · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 | 3 studies · 97 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation Cancer‐related mortality · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation Time to progression of the tumour (median time to progression) · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 97 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation plus sorafenib vs sorafenib monotherapy Health‐related quality of life · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation Disease control rate · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 97 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation vs chemoembolisation Non‐serious adverse events · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 97 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation plus sorafenib vs sorafenib monotherapy Serious adverse events · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 341 participants | Very low |
Radioembolisation plus sorafenib vs sorafenib monotherapy Cancer‐related mortality · people with hepatocellular carcinoma Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |