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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs modified B‐mode ultrasound Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.86, 1.01] | 2 studies · 153 participants | Low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs modified B‐mode ultrasound Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 153 participants | Low |
[Axillary] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs modified B‐mode ultrasound Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.23 [1.37, 7.6] | 2 studies · 153 participants | Very low |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs modified B‐mode ultrasound Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] B‐mode ultrasound vs modified B‐mode ultrasound Quality of life · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] In‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.65, 1.12] | 8 studies · 1051 participants | Very low |
[Radial] In‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] In‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.96, 1.05] | 8 studies · 1051 participants | Low |
[Radial] In‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1134 participants | Low |
[Radial] In‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.49 [0.22, 1.08] | 9 studies · 1159 participants | Very low |
[Radial] In‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] In‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Quality of life · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Axillary] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Major haematoma · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.06, 12.22] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
[Radial] Doppler assistance vs palpation and landmarks First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.9, 1.14] | 2 studies · 666 participants | Low |
[Radial] Doppler assistance vs palpation and landmarks Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Doppler assistance vs palpation and landmarks Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.07] | 2 studies · 666 participants | Low |
[Radial] Doppler assistance vs palpation and landmarks Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 500 participants | Moderate |
[Radial] Doppler assistance vs palpation and landmarks Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Doppler assistance vs palpation and landmarks Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Doppler assistance vs palpation and landmarks Quality of life · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Dynamic out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs static out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.67, 1.23] | 1 study · 131 participants | Very low |
[Radial] Dynamic out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs static out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Dynamic out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs static out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.92, 1.25] | 1 study · 131 participants | Very low |
[Axillary] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Dynamic out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs static out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Very low |
[Radial] Dynamic out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs static out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Dynamic out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs static out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Dynamic out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs static out‐of‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Quality of life · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Oblique‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs long‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.44, 2.79] | 3 studies · 275 participants | Very low |
[Radial] Oblique‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs long‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Oblique‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs long‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Overall success rate · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.05, 1.53] | 2 studies · 215 participants | Low |
[Radial] Oblique‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs long‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Time needed for a successful procedure · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 275 participants | Very low |
[Radial] Oblique‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs long‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Major haematoma · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.32, 1.47] | 2 studies · 215 participants | Very low |
[Radial] Oblique‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs long‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Axillary] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Quality of life · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Radial] Oblique‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound vs long‐axis in‐plane B‐mode ultrasound Quality of life · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
[Dorsalis pedis] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks First‐attempt success rate · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.9, 1.82] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
[Dorsalis pedis] B‐mode ultrasound guidance vs palpation and landmarks Pseudoaneurysm · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DPP4i vs placebo Cardiovascular mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.91, 1.09] | 6 studies · 47968 participants | High |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Cardiovascular mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.87 [0.79, 0.95] | 6 studies · 46093 participants | High |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Myocardial infarction (fatal or non‐fatal) · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.78, 1.01] | 5 studies · 42910 participants | Moderate |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Stroke (fatal or non‐fatal) · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.87 [0.77, 0.98] | 5 studies · 42910 participants | High |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo All‐cause mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.82, 0.95] | 7 studies · 46393 participants | High |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Hospitalisation for HF · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.85, 1.06] | 6 studies · 36930 participants | High |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Worsening renal function · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.44, 0.84] | 1 study · 3297 participants | Low |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Hypoglycaemia · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 37038 participants | Low |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Pancreatitis · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.68, 1.35] | 5 studies · 40035 participants | Low |
GLP‐1RA vs placebo Fracture · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
SGLT2i vs placebo Cardiovascular mortality · CVD (ASCVD, HF, or both) Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.7, 0.95] | 5 studies · 24962 participants | Moderate |