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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,361 questions in 120 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems
current versionsNo studies 286 · 21%Ungraded 61 · 4.5%Very low 381 · 28%Low 381 · 28%Moderate 228 · 16.8%High 24 · 1.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
'Driving whilst intoxicated' programme + incarceration vs incarceration alone Aggression · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'Driving whilst intoxicated' programme + incarceration vs incarceration alone Reconviction (for drink‐driving) Assessed by: Cox regression of re‐arrest rates over 24 months Timing of assessment: 24 months · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.56 | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
'Driving whilst intoxicated' programme + incarceration vs incarceration alone Global state/functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behaviour therapy + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Reconviction · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'Driving whilst intoxicated' programme + incarceration vs incarceration alone Social functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
'Driving whilst intoxicated' programme + incarceration vs incarceration alone Adverse events · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Schema therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Aggression · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Schema therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Reconviction Assessed by: number of participants documented to have recidivated (documented as a global negative outcome) Timing of assessment: over the 3 years · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | OR 2.81 [0.11, 74.56] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Schema therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Global state/functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Schema therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Social functioning Assessed by: mean number of days until unsupervised leave grantedb Timing of assessment: over the 3 years · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Schema therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Adverse events Assessed by: number of participants with a global negative outcome (e.g. dropping out of therapy, recidivism or being transferred to another facility due to poor treatment response) overall Timing of assessment: over the 3 years · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Social problem‐solving therapy + psychoeducation vs treatment‐as‐usual Aggression · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Social problem‐solving therapy + psychoeducation vs treatment‐as‐usual Reconviction · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Social problem‐solving therapy + psychoeducation vs treatment‐as‐usual Global state/functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behaviour therapy + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Global state/functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Social problem‐solving therapy + psychoeducation vs treatment‐as‐usual Social functioningAssessed by: Social Functioning Questionnaire (8 items rated on 4‐point scale; anchors vary across items; high score = poor outcome) Timing of assessment: 6 months · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Social problem‐solving therapy + psychoeducation vs treatment‐as‐usual Adverse events · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dialectical behaviour therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Aggression · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dialectical behaviour therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Reconviction · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dialectical behaviour therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Global state/functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dialectical behaviour therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Social functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dialectical behaviour therapy vs treatment‐as‐usual Adverse events (self‐harm) Assessed by: mean number of self‐harm days in past 2 months Timing of assessment: 2 months · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial risk management ('Resettle' programme) vs treatment‐as‐usual Aggression · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Psychosocial risk management ('Resettle' programme) vs treatment‐as‐usual Reconviction: total number of official offences recorded (higher number = worse outcome) Timing of the assessment: 1 year after release from prison · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial risk management ('Resettle' programme) vs treatment‐as‐usual Global state/functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behaviour therapy + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Social functioning Assessed by: Social Functioning Questionnaire (range of possible scores = 0‐24; higher score = poorer outcome) Timing of assessment: 12 months · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Psychosocial risk management ('Resettle' programme) vs treatment‐as‐usual Social functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Psychosocial risk management ('Resettle' programme) vs treatment‐as‐usual Adverse events: death during the study period Timing of assessment: 2 years after release from prison · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.89 [0.05, 14.83] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behaviour therapy + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Adverse events · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Aggression: trait Assessed by: Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire ‐ Short Form (12 items rated on 5‐point Likert scale ranging from extremely uncharacteristic (1) to extremely characteristic (5); range = 12‐60; high score = poor outcome) Timing o... · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 118 participants | Very low |
Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Reconviction · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Global state/functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs treatment‐as‐usual alone Social functioning · adults with antisocial personality disorder Psychological interventions for antisocial personality disorder (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs no intervention or placebo Anaemia (haemoglobin values lower than 110 g/L) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.76, 0.9] | 16 studies · 9927 participants | Moderate |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs an iron‐only supplement Iron status (as defined by trialists) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs an iron‐only supplement Weight‐for‐age (z scores) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs an iron‐only supplement All‐cause mortality · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs no intervention or placebo Iron deficiency (as defined by trialists) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.39, 0.56] | 7 studies · 1634 participants | High |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs no intervention or placebo Haemoglobin concentration (g/L) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 10509 participants | Low |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs no intervention or placebo Iron status (ferritin concentrations in μg/L) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 2612 participants | Moderate |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs no intervention or placebo Weight‐for‐age (z scores) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 9287 participants | Moderate |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs no intervention or placebo All‐cause mortality · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs an iron‐only supplement Anaemia (haemoglobin values lower than 110 g/L) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.58, 1.39] | 1 study · 145 participants | Low |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs an iron‐only supplement Iron deficiency (as defined by trialists) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs an iron‐only supplement Haemoglobin concentration (g/L) · children 6 to 23 months of age Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 278 participants | Very low |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs no treatment or treatment Recidivism: any sexual or nonsexual offence (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs alternative interventions Sexual attitudes and behaviour Measured by: post‐treatment structured interview (non‐validated) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs alternative interventions Thinking patterns (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs alternative interventions Victim empathy (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive‐behavioural therapy vs alternative interventions Social functioning (no study reported data on this outcome) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for young people aged 10 to 18 with harmful sexual behaviour (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |