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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Aspirin vs placebo Cognitive decline from baseline · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aspirin vs placebo Activities of daily living · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.7, 1.02] | 1 study · 19114 participants | High |
Aspirin vs placebo Health‐related quality of life · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Other NSAIDs vs placebo Incidence of Alzheimer's disease · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.91 [0.89, 4.1] | 1 study · 2125 participants | Moderate |
Other NSAIDs vs placebo Adverse events –myocardial infarction · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.61, 2.4] | 1 study · 2500 participants | Moderate |
Other NSAIDs vs placebo Adverse events – stroke · cognitively healthy older adults Aspirin and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [0.76, 4.37] | 1 study · 2500 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Incidence of dementia · People with MCI/prodromal AD Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.82, 1.43] | 1 study · 311 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Executive function (specific cognitive function) · People with mild Alzheimer's disease Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 259 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Functional outcome (activities of daily living) · People with mild Alzheimer's disease Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 259 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Quality of life · People with mild Alzheimer's disease Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Souvenaid vs placebo Combined cognitive‐functional outcome · People with mild Alzheimer's disease Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Souvenaid vs placebo Any adverse events · People with mild Alzheimer's disease Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.69, 1.07] | 1 study · 258 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Cognition (global cognitive function) · People with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 527 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Memory (specific cognitive function) · People with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Souvenaid vs placebo Executive function (specific cognitive function) · People with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 527 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Activities of daily living (functional outcome) · People with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 527 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Quality of life, · People with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Souvenaid vs placebo Cognition (global cognitive function) · People with MCI/prodromal AD Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 311 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Combined cognitive‐functional outcome · People with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 527 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Any adverse events · People with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's dementia Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.78, 1.03] | 1 study · 524 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Memory (specific cognitive function) · People with MCI/prodromal AD Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 311 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Executive function (specific cognitive function) · People with MCI/prodromal AD Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 311 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Functional outcome (e.g. activities of daily living) · People with MCI/prodromal AD Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Souvenaid vs placebo Combined cognitive‐functional outcome · People with MCI/prodromal AD Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 311 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Any adverse event · People with MCI/prodromal AD Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.91, 1.08] | 1 study · 309 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Cognition (global cognitive function) · People with mild Alzheimer's disease Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 259 participants | Moderate |
Souvenaid vs placebo Memory (specific cognitive function) · People with mild Alzheimer's disease Souvenaid for Alzheimer's disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 259 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Overall BPSD (multidomain) – not assessed · dementia Simulated presence therapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Agitation · dementia Simulated presence therapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 144 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depression – assessed in one study as "withdrawn behaviours" which included a lack of interest and sad mood · dementia Simulated presence therapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Anxiety ‐ not measured · dementia Simulated presence therapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life ‐ not measured · dementia Simulated presence therapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Dropouts ‐ not measured · dementia Simulated presence therapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive training vs control intervention Global cognition post‐treatment · cognition in PDD and PD‐MCI Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 178 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control intervention Executive function post‐treatment · cognition in PDD and PD‐MCI Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 112 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control intervention Attention post‐treatment · cognition in PDD and PD‐MCI Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 160 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control intervention Verbal memory post‐treatment · cognition in PDD and PD‐MCI Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 160 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control intervention Visual processing post‐treatment · cognition in PDD and PD‐MCI Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 64 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control intervention Activities of daily living post‐treatment · cognition in PDD and PD‐MCI Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 67 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control intervention Quality of life post‐treatment · cognition in PDD and PD‐MCI Cognitive training interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 147 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Global cognitive function measured at the end of the intervention period (12 weeks) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 232 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: speed of processing measured at the end of the intervention period (12 to 16 weeks) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: executive functioning measured at the end of the intervention period (12 weeks to 6 months) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 292 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: working memory measured at the end of the intervention period (16 weeks) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: verbal fluency measured at the end of the intervention period (6 months) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of life at the end of the intervention period · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants experiencing 1 or more serious adverse events at the end of the intervention period · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: episodic memory measured at the end of the intervention period (12 to 17 weeks) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 439 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: speed of processing measured at the end of the intervention period (12 to 16 weeks) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 138 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: executive functioning measured at the end of the intervention period (12 to 17 weeks) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 230 participants | Very low |