Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

194 questions · 201 findings · 18 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 21 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 19 · 9.5%Very low 43 · 21.4%Low 77 · 38.3%Moderate 39 · 19.4%High 2 · 1%

DDAVP vs tranexamic acid (control)

All thrombotic events (including myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, other arterial thromboembolism, and venous thromboembolism) · participants undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether DDAVP changes all thrombotic events (including myocardial infarction, ischaemic… compared with tranexamic acid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Blood transfusion · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Stone‐free rate · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Thromboembolic events · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in thromboembolic events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Major surgical complications · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Minor surgical complications · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA may leads to lower minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review