What do systematic reviews say?

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

Automated mandatory bolus probably leads to lower breakthrough pain compared with basal infusion (moderate certainty).

• Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.55, 0.91]
  16 studies · 1528 participants
  Moderate

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

Automated mandatory bolus showed no clear difference in caesarean delivery during labour epidural analgesia compared with basal infusion (moderate certainty).

• Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.69, 1.06]
  16 studies · 1735 participants
  Moderate

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

Automated mandatory bolus showed no clear difference in instrumental delivery during labour epidural analgesia compared with basal infusion (moderate certainty).

• Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.01]
  17 studies · 4550 participants
  Moderate

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

• Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  17 studies · 4544 participants
  Moderate

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

• Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 1642 participants
  Moderate

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

• Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 14 participants
  GRADE not reported

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

• Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 14 participants
  GRADE not reported

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume showed no clear difference in mortality compared with high tidal volume (low certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.42, 1.53]
  12 studies · 1207 participants
  Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower pneumonia compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.25, 0.82]
  7 studies · 778 participants
  Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative non‐invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.31 [0.15, 0.64]
  3 studies · 506 participants
  Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.14, 0.77]
  11 studies · 957 participants
  Moderate

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 898 participants
  Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1298 participants
  Low

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

It is very uncertain whether low tidal volume changes barotrauma: pneumothorax compared with high tidal volume (very low certainty).

• Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.77 [0.52, 5.99]
  5 studies · 708 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 519 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 519 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 241 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 209 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 504 participants
  Very low