What do systematic reviews say?

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 41 participants
  GRADE not reported

Toothbrushing + chlorine dioxide mouthwash vs Toothbrushing + tongue cleaning

Toothbrushing + chlorine dioxide mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), sulphide monitor compared with toothbrushing + tongue cleaning; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -81.87 [-140.12, -23.62]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported

Halita mouthrinse vs Perio-plus mouthrinse

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 8 days
  Adverse events (Table 12). Risk with Perio-plus mouthrinse: 1 patient reported unpleasant feeling after the use of the product; there were no severe adverse events reported. Risk with halita mouthrinse: 1 patient…
  1 study · 36 participants
  Very low

Hinokitiol gel vs Placebo gel

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Zinc chloride + sodium fluoride dentifrice vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Payne 2011 (cross-over RCT) compared ZnCl + NaF dentifrice versus control NaF dentifrice; VSC by gas chromatography. The trial reported the adjusted mean VSC scores in a graph and hence we could not use the data in the…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Topical G32 (ayurvedic preparation) vs Chlorhexidine, 0.2% to 2% (solution or gel)

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  Patil 2017 reported burning mucosa and drying of mouth in a few subjects using the control drug (chlorhexidine) and no adverse effects were reported in the intervention group (G32 tablets).
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Salvadora persica (miswak) mouthrinse vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Miswak (Salvadora persica) mouthwash showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  MD -0.2 [-1.03, 0.63]
  1 study · 21 participants
  GRADE not reported

SRP plus subgingival laser irradiation vs SRP

SRP plus subgingival laser irradiation showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with SRP alone; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -3.3 [-9.38, 2.78]
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 3 months
  Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
  0 studies
  No studies found

0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.14% zinc lactate mouthrinse vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether halita mouthwash (chlorhexidine 0.05% + cetylpyridinium chloride… changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -1.0 [-1.65, -0.35]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Active rinse (zinc acetate + chlorhexidine + sodium fluoride), with or without tongue scraping vs Negative control rinse, with or without tongue scraping

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Ademovski 2012 (4-arm cross-over trial) compared an active rinse (with/without tongue scraping) versus a negative control rinse (with/without tongue scraping); OLT and VSC. The authors did not report the correlation…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Halita mouthrinse vs Perio-plus mouthrinse

Halita mouthrinse showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), portable gas chromatograph compared with perio-plus mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  8 days
  MD -25.0 [-64.21, 14.21]
  1 study · 36 participants
  GRADE not reported

Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges vs placebo control

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Marchetti 2015 (2-arm RCT) compared Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges versus placebo lozenges (OLT, VSC and breath print). The study did not report any usable data and hence could not be included in the meta-analysis.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -0.5 [-0.83, -0.17]
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  MD -20.53 [-38.52, -2.54]
  1 study · 41 participants
  GRADE not reported

1000 mg champignon extract vs 50 mg champignon extract

It is very uncertain whether 1000 mg champignon extract changes patient-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) score (scale 0 to 100) compared with 50 mg champignon extract (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -5.32 [-18.14, 7.5]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether essential oil mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -0.09 [-0.47, 0.29]
  1 study · 45 participants
  Very low

Cinnamon herbal mouthwash; Nanosil (hydrogen peroxide) mouthwash; Irsha mouthwash vs Water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control)

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Talebian 2009 (cross-over study) tested cinnamon herbal, Nanosil and Irsha mouthwashes versus water (negative control) and zinc solution (positive control); VSC by halimeter. We could not include the results in the…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Two-phase oil-water mouthrinse (0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride) vs Control mouthwash

Oil water two-phase mouthwash (with cetylpyridinium chloride) showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), sulphide monitor compared with control mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  MD -11.0 [-25.26, 3.26]
  1 study · 50 participants
  GRADE not reported

Triclosan mouthwash (with and without alcohol); zinc lactate + chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Lopez Jornet 2003 (4-arm RCT) compared triclosan mouthwash with and without alcohol and a zinc lactate + chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium mouthwash versus placebo mouthwash (VSC by halimeter and OLT). We could not…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported